Rheumatology: Current Research
Open Access
ISSN: 2161-1149 (Printed)
ISSN: 2161-1149 (Printed)
Koichiro Yano*, Katsunori Ikari, Akira Kutsuwada, Ryo Hishinuma, Kazuya Kubo, Yasushi Kuwahara and Ken Okazaki
Objective: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation, leading to joint destruction, pain, deformities, and impaired physical function. The feet are among the most commonly affected sites, and foot involvement often contributes to significant gait disturbances in patients with RA. Gait impairments can substantially reduce mobility, increase the risk of falls, and negatively impact overall quality of life. Although previous studies have reported gait abnormalities in RA, most have used healthy individuals as controls. Such comparisons may not accurately reflect the challenges faced by RA patients in clinical settings, particularly those with existing foot disabilities. This study aimed to clarify the unique gait characteristics of patients with RA by comparing them with non-RA patients who also have foot disabilities, providing a more meaningful clinical comparison.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 59 female patients aged 50-79 years who attended our institution between August 2021 and June 2024 were enrolled. The study included 22 patients diagnosed with RA and 37 patients with non-RA foot disabilities, such as hallux valgus, flatfoot, and degenerative conditions. Gait assessment was performed using the Zebris treadmill system, which enabled quantitative evaluation of stride length, stride time, cadence, walking velocity, and the proportion of each gait phase. Statistical comparisons between the two groups were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test.
Results: Compared to the non-RA group, RA patients exhibited significantly shorter stride length and time, reduced cadence and velocity, and prolonged stance and double support phases. Additionally, they had increased proportions of the load response and pre-swing phases and a decreased proportion of the mid-terminal stance phase. These findings suggest a cautious, instability-driven gait pattern in RA patients.
Conclusion: RA patients demonstrate distinct gait adaptations even when compared to individuals with other foot disabilities. Targeted rehabilitation programs and early therapeutic interventions are essential to preserve gait function and prevent further decline.
Published Date: 2025-06-30; Received Date: 2025-05-30