Journal of Infectious Diseases & Preventive Medicine
Open Access

Abstract

Clinical and Epidemiological Characterization of Cholera, Mexico 2013-2014

Juan Francisco Román Pedroza, Eduardo Hernández Vázquez, Irma Hernández Monroy, Irma López Martínez, Jorge Membrillo Hernández, José Cruz Rodríguez Martínez, María Eugenia Jiménez Corona, Cuitláhuac Ruiz Matus, Pablo Kuri Morales and José Alberto Díaz Quiñonez

Background: During Epidemiological Week 36 of 2013, the Mexican Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) identified two probable cases of cholera in Mexico City.
Methods: Both samples were processed by DNA sequencing and biochemical analyses at the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez" (InDRE) and compared with the circulating strain of the Caribbean.
Results: V. cholerae serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor, toxigenic, was confirmed positive, then a detailed study from September 2nd, 2013 to August 27th, 2014 was carried out where a total of 201 laboratoryconfirmed cases of V. cholerae O1 toxigenic were reported in in seven states of Mexico; 50.7% were men. The average of the number of evacuations was 8 (range 0 to 48). The mean duration of diarrhoea was 2 days. The age range of the cases was from 3 months to 88 years. The 53.2% were identified without dehydration data, 21.9% with mild, 19.9% with moderate and 5.0% with severe dehydration; 65.0% received outpatient care, 24% hospitalization, and 11% in Observation or Emergency.
Conclusion: The timely detection of cases plays an important role in promotion, detection and control actions. The notification of probable cases in less than 24 h sharing the information obtained in the National Public Health Laboratory Network (RNLSP) evidenced an immediate response; triggering actions for the intentional search of cases, epidemiological surveillance, health promotion and prevention and control of diseases for adequate control of an epidemic.