International Journal of Biomedical Data Mining
Open Access

Abstract

Bird and mammalian lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes

Dagmar Heinova and Zuzana Kostecka

Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) is an enzyme widely distributed in cells of living systems. It is involved in carbohydrate metabolism catalyzing the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as coenzyme both in the cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria. LDH exists in several isoenzymatic forms that differs each other in their kinetic characteristics (Km, kcat), physicochemical properties (different net charge), response to the inhibition by substrate (pyruvate), and immunological response. Their different net charge predetermines their different migration rate in the electric field that is used in separating of these enzymes in research as well as in diagnostic practice. Five somatic LDH isoenzymes are detected in serum and tissues of vertebrates with heart, skeletal muscle and liver being the LDH richest organs. A buffer system of the pH values 8.6 to 8.8 is commonly used for the separation of these isoenzymes enabling to distinguish five LDH molecules in mammals. In the case of bird LDHs, the observation of all five isoforms under this pH condition is very difficult as they produce only one rather diffuse enzymatic zone. Isoelectric focusing technique in the pH range of 3 to 9 was shown to be a convenient method for bird LDH isoenzyme separation producing a good and clear resolution of all five LDH fractions in chicken (adult as well as embryonic), turkey, pheasant, and pigeon. Different pI values of LDHs of bird and mammalian origin with the similar catalytic properties probably reflect the different phylogenesis of bird and mammalian LDH molecules.

Published Date: 2021-08-28;