Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery
Open Access

Abstract

A Short Review on the Improvement of Antimicrobial Activity by Metal and Nonmetal Doping in Nanoscale Antimicrobial Materials

Khairnar SD, Shinde SG and Shrivastava VS

The largest number of antibiotic and antimicrobial agents are consumed and utilize for various operations throughout the world. Due to the extensive application of these medicinal chemicals number of Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms (ARM’s) are evolved, as a result, it is a major threat that these organisms may spread a lot of new incurable diseases. The traditional antimicrobial agents are not effective because of mutation, change in absorption mechanism and metabolic pathways by microorganisms. High risk diseases like various types of cancers are very common and need to monitor in the early stages to minimize the damage. Prevention or cure both factors are necessary these days to ensure health and safety for various agencies. From the effective use of cisplatin as an anticancer agent, inorganic materials are highly rated as an effective antimicrobial agents. Nanomaterials, nanocomposites and metal organic complexes are the most promising candidates and far more reliable than the conventional and other agents. With the large number of metal oxides, infinite number of metal and nonmetal ratio, the enormous amount of metal-ligands combinations variety of antimicrobial agents can be synthesized and applied for tracing, labeling, inhibiting transcription factor activity and ultimately to the distruction of harmful microbes. In the current short review more emphasize is given to the mechanism, synthesis and application of metal and nonmetal doped antimicrobial agents. Various aspects such as size, morphology, concentration etc. are reviewed to shed the light on the current status of these unique materials. Furthermore, important mechanistic pathways are also discussed which may prove important for further studies. Overallmetal non metal doped antimicrobial agents may open the doors for effective elimination of strong and highly resistant microorganisms.