Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological and/or metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence and incidence. High blood glucose levels are symptomatic of diabetes mellitus as a consequence of inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion or poor insulin-directed mobilization of glucose by targetcells. Diabetes mellitus is aggravated by and associated with metabolic complications that can subsequently lead to premature death. This review explores diabetes mellitus in terms of its historical perspective, biochemical basis, economic burden, management interventions along with the future perspective.