Viral Diseases and Antiviral Activity of Some Medicinal Plants with Special Reference to Ajmer

A viral disease (infection) occurs when an organism’s body is invaded by pathogenic viruses and infectious virus particles (virions) attach and enter susceptible cells [1-10]. Basic structural characters of the same family are same such as genome type, shape of virus replication site. There are 21 families which cause disease in humans. 5 families are ds DNA, 3 are nonenveloped (Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae) and 2 are enveloped (Herpesviridae and Poxviridae). 1 family is partly dsDNA Hepadnaviridae, enveloped. 7 families are ssRNA of which 3 are nonenveloped (Astroviridae, Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae) and 4 enveloped (Coronoviridaer, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae and Togaviridae). All nonenveloped families have icosahedral nucleocapsids. 6 negative ssRNA families (Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhbdoviridae, enveloped with helical nucleocapsid. 1 dsRNA Reoviridae.1 add (Hepatitis D) not assigned.


COMMONLY OCCURING VIRAL DISEASES
The viral diseases which commonly occur in Ajmer are:
25%-30% cases death occurs. After 2015 Cases registered in western Gujrat and Rajasthan (Figure 1).CCHF is spread by tick (Hylomma tick) bites or contact with livestock. Treated with Ribavirin.
Antiviral activity of some medicinal plants: Garlic (Alium sativum) belongs to family Amaryllidaceae.
Active compound is Allin sulphur containing compound present in Garlic.
It is antiviral due to presence of Allin.
Spice is obtained from inner bark.
It has high nutritional value.

AIDS (Family Retroviridae)
SsRNA positive sense. Transmission is by sexual contact, blood, breast milk, Treatment HAART.
Prevention by avoiding shared needles, safe sex.
Sporadic cases, Cases are reducing.
Transmission by droplet contact, Treatment none, Prevention by vaccines and avoiding contact.
Diagnosis by antibody detection.
Cases are not very large in number.
Transmission by droplet contact.
Treatment none, Prevention vaccine and avoiding close contact.
Some cases were registered.
Transmission by direct contact.

Treatment by Zoster varicella (Acyclovir).
Diagnosis by cell culture.
Few cases were recorded.
Transmission by Droplet contact fecal Oral.
Treatment none, prevention by vaccine diagnosis ELISA.
Few cases recorded.
Transmission by droplet contact, Treatment none, prevention by vaccine, diagnosis antibody detection. Some cases were registered.
All viral diseases occur during changing seasons i.e. March and September.
Chikungunya infection caused by chikungunya virus. 2-4 days after exposure fever occurs which last 2-7 days accompanying joint pain. Mortality rate is 1 in 1000.
Virus is passed to humans by Ades aegypti.
Before seven years more than 500 cases were recorded. Tewari A, et al.

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Component is cinnamaldehyde and eugenol.
Flower buds are dried and used as spice.
Flower bud has antiviral properties active component is eugenol.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belongs to family Zingiberaceae.
Rhizome is used as spice and also have medicinal values antimicrobial.
Curcuma longa belongs to family Zingiberaceae.
Rhizome is dried, powdered and used as spice and also used as medicine.
Piper longum also known as pipli, belong to family piperaceae.
Fruit is dried and used as spice and seasoning and medicine. Mirabilis Jalapa also controls aphid and white fly population.

CONCLUSION
12 Microbial diseases were observed out of which Influenza and AES were prominent. Syzygium aromaticaum and Zingiber officinale were effective antiviral medicine in most viral diseases.