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Shabnam Sambyal
Department of Immunology, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, India
Publications
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Review Article
Comparative Analysis of Emerging Viruses to Inform Development of Safe and Effective Vaccines for COVID-19
Author(s): Sabiha Noor, Shabnam Sambyal, Saif Ismail and Narendra Chirmule*
Viruses have evolved by surviving in hosts over millions of years. The human immune system has also co-evolved to counter the escape mechanisms of viruses. Each virus has a unique and specific mechanism of causing disease. SARS-COV2 has emerged as a newly mutated virus that has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Understanding immunobiology of viruses provides information on developing diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. We have reviewed and summarized the pathogenesis of four viruses that have emerged as causative agents for endemics in the past decade. Dengue, Chikungunya, Nipah and Zika viruses i) are transmitted by different intermediate animal hosts, ii) infect cells through different receptors, iii) induce a diverse range of symptoms, iv) which are treated with specific and symptomatic therapies, and v) various proteins expressed by the viruses used as anti.. View more»