Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Hematogenous Spread Associated with Hemaphagocytic Syndrome and Multiple Pulmonary Pneumatoceles

Background: The association between tuberculosis, multiple bilateral pulmonary pneumatoceles and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome is uncommon. With this case, we would like to highlight the importance of an early and correct diagnosis of tuberculosis to prevent such complications.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 2 months-old infant diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis with hematogenous spread and multiorgan involvement that developed multiple bilateral pulmonary pneumatoceles and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome.

Conclusions: Tuberculosis is an important global health issue, with an increased risk to present disseminated forms in the infant. An adequate epidemiological study of an infected patient is essential to prevent the spread of contacts and establish an early treatment to avoid the occurrence of secondary complications that may be lifethreatening.