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Abstract
Formulation and Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate Nanoparticle with Chitosan as Polymer and Kappa Carrageenan as Crosslinker Using the Ionic Gelation Method
Chondroitin sulfate is a widely used dietary supplement formulations, effective for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In oral preparations, chondroitin sulfate has low bioavailability. The alternative to improve bioavailability of a drug is by using nanoparticle technology. This study was aimed to formulate and characterize chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles with chitosan as polymer and kappa carrageenan as crosslinker. Nanoparticles were prepared by using ionic gelation method that was based on the electrostatic interaction between opposite charges. Characterization of nanoparticles were performed by measuring pH, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and examination of infrared spectrum. The results showed that F1 containing 0.1% chitosan, 0.1% chondroitin sulfate, and 0.05% kappa carrageenan at volume ratio of 10:1:1 was the best formula with an average particle size 582.9 nm, polydispersity index value of 0.324, and zeta potential value as much as -0.47 mV.