Chronic diseases became a serious explanation for global morbidity and mortality even in developing countries. The burden of chronic renal disorder (CKD) in India cannot be assessed accurately. The approximate prevalence of CKD is 800 per million populations (pmp), and therefore the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is 150–200 pmp. The most common explanation for CKD in population-based studies is diabetic nephropathy. India currently has 820+ nephrologists, 710+ haemodialysis units with 2,500+ dialysis stations and 4,800+ patients on CAPD. There are 172+ transplant centres, two-thirds of which are in South India and mostly privately run. Nearly 3,500 transplants are done annually, the entire number of cadaver donors being approximately 700 till now. Thus, taken together, nearly 18,000–20,000 patients (10% of latest ESRD cases) in India get renal replacement therapy. The cost of single haemodialysis varies between USD 15 and 40 with a further cost of erythropoietin being USD 150–200/month. The cost of CAPD employing a ‘Y’ set with 3 exchanges/week is USD 400/month. The cost of the tron the one side the government has initiated a process by which it's getting to establish stand-alone haemodialysis units within the country to extend the facilities at a reasonable cost, and on the transplant side it had launched a National transplant Program to facilitate transplantation on a national scale.
